Same-Sex Surrogacy Program (Lesbian)
Having a child is a long-term commitment that unifies and strengthens a relationship. If you are looking forward on building your little family along with your loved one and find yourself with doubts about the Same- Sex Surrogacy programs, we offer you an extended article that can assist you with everything you need to know about becoming a parent. Our two-mommies Program, gives you various options to choose the right clinic that suits all of your demands. OVU family gives you a warm welcome to your first step to motherhood and parenting, let's get started!
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The first thing to consider before getting into the Same- Sex Surrogacy program is understanding the advantages and disadvantages that may occur during its process. On the other side, you will need to know which Treatment goes along with you and your partner’s necessity, let us explore some of these options.
- Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) with sperm donor.
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) with sperm donor.
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) via ICSI with sperm donor.
- IVF with sperm donor, oocyte donor and Surrogacy.
1. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) with sperm donor
What is Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) and how does it work?
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is the non–invasive procedure where sperm are washed (to remove dead sperm and proteins), concentrated (to increase the volume of the viable sperm), and placed into the woman’s uterus via a tiny catheter (a very small tube) around the most optimal time of ovulation (occurs when the ovary releases an egg).This procedure is done as close to the time of ovulation as possible. The Reproductive Specialist may recommend you Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) with ovarian stimulation or without. The mode of IUI insemination also varies as the sperm suspension can be deposited in the cervix, the uterus or the Fallopian tube.
Semen preparation is done before IUI procedure
Prior to IUI procedure, they will remove seminal plasma to avoid prostaglandin–induced uterine contractions. If seminal plasma is not removed, then uterine contractions can make the procedure not only painful but complicated and ineffective. Moreover, Insemination with unprocessed semen can cause a pelvic infection. Removal of the seminal plasma can be achieved by relatively simple procedures. The most frequently used methods involve centrifuging spermatozoa through culture medium or density gradients followed by resuspension in suitable culture media.
Quality of the specimen
There is no consensus on a lower limit of semen quality. The experts define lower limits differently, as sperm concentration per milliliter, or as the total number of motile spermatozoa in the semen sample, or as a total number of motile spermatozoa in the sample for Insemination. But here it should be noted that if the semen sample contains <10 million sperm in total the chances to conceive a baby is lower.
Mode of Insemination procedure
During IUI procedure the sperm suspension can be deposited in the cervix, the uterus, the peritoneum or the Fallopian tube. IUI is by far the most common method. It is performed by introducing a 0.2–0.5 ml sperm suspension into the uterus with a tiny catheter, usually without ultrasound–imaging guidance.
With Fallopian tube Sperm Perfusion (FSP), the sperm volume usually taken for Insemination is 4 ml, so that with this large volume of fluid the inseminate may fill not only the uterine cavity and Fallopian tubes. With Fallopian tube sperm perfusion some of the sperm volume may even end up inside the peritoneal cavity.
Sometimes IUI procedure is done using the frozen semen samples. Here it is vital to underline that for frozen semen samples, IUI is better than Intracervical Insemination (ICI).
The timing of the Insemination procedure
Correct time–scheduling of IUI is essential, because of the limited time interval in which spermatozoa can retain their capability to fertilize the oocyte and survive in the female reproductive tract for approximately 3 days after ejaculation, while oocytes remain fertilizable only for 12–16 hours after ovulation.
In the case of IUI, spermatozoa are processed, devoid of seminal plasma and only the fraction of selected. After that, motile spermatozoa is transferred via a tiny catheter directly into the uterine cavity. Considering these facts, the time frame within which a successful conception after IUI procedure is possible is shorter than in the setting of natural conception cycle. Therefore, the procedure should ideally be scheduled as closely to the time of ovulation as possible to increase the possibilities of successful Oocyte’s Fertilization.
IUI can be done one time or several times. Insemination can be done at various time points around ovulation. If it is done without ovarian stimulation with fertility drugs, then the ovulation timing is closely monitored by the internal ultrasound. If ovarian stimulation is necessary for IUI procedure, then the most optimal time for the Insemination is 32–36 hours following hCG administration.
In which cases Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is forbidden to be used?
Surely, there are several contraindications for this Treatment option. IUI is contraindicated in women with a blocked or damaged Fallopian tube, cervical atresia, cervicitis, endometritis or bilateral tubal obstruction and in most cases of amenorrhea or severe oligospermia.
What Benefits Does IUI Have?
I. Washing procedures enhance sperm quality
Clinicians perform the washing procedures to remove prostaglandins, infectious agents, antigenic proteins, non–motile spermatozoa, leucocytes, and immature germ cells. As a result, sperm quality increases. This may also enhance sperm quality by decreasing the formation of free oxygen radicals after sperm preparation.
II. Natural (unmedicated) cycle IUI is possible to perform
With IUI you have options with medications. You can do a natural cycle (no medications), with Clomid (a pill to stimulate follicles) or with low stimulation medications. Natural cycle IUI and minimal dose regimen with gonadotrophins are valuable options to prevent the unacceptable high multiple gestation rates described after ovarian hyperstimulation.
III. Less invasive method: more physiological
Intrauterine Insemination is the procedure where sperm are washed (to remove dead sperm and proteins), concentrated (to increase the volume of the viable sperm), and placed in a woman’s uterus via a catheter (a very small tube that is passed up the cervix and into the uterus). You don’t have the Oocyte Retrieval [surgical procedure which is performed under the anesthesiology on the operating table] as you do with IVF.
IV. Reduced psychological burden
After the Oocyte Retrieval [the whole procedure only takes about 15 minutes, so you wake up about 20–30 minutes later in recovery], you might experience a bit of pain after the procedure, the doctor should give you some IV medication to help ease any discomfort you may face during the process. The amount of pain a woman feels after Oocyte Retrieval depends entirely on pain tolerance and the number of oocytes retrieved.
V. The procedure is performed under the transvaginal ultrasound guidance
The IUI is performed under an internal ultrasound [a transvaginal ultrasound] and as soon as the technician performed an external ultrasound, a tiny catheter is inserted into cervix. Using the ultrasound screen as the guide, the doctor pushes the catheter through the cervical canal and points it toward the top of the uterus and right or left Fallopian tube (the side with the mature follicle). Ultimately, the doctor injects the sperm through the catheter and into the uterus. The IUI may be performed also without ultrasound visualizing. The technique is the same: a tiny catheter is placed inside and the sperm is transferred via that tiny catheter inside uterus. IUI procedure is very fast and should take only a few minutes.
VI. The timing of the procedure performance is surprisingly short
The process lasts only about 60 to 90 seconds. After that, you will be advised to stay seated for a few minutes.
VII. Less expensive Treatment Option
In comparison with IVF and ICSI, IUI is less expensive Fertility Treatment Option. The whole IUI Treatment cycle cost around $2,000–$4,000 including medications where the average IVF Treatment cycle costs around $10,000–$36,000. So, you can get a few IUI Treatment cycles in for the rate of 1 IVF Treatment cycle.
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VIII. Low risk for Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) occurs in 1%–10% of women undergoing Ovarian Hyperstimulation with exogenous gonadotrophin administration and is a recognized and potentially life–threatening complication. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) may complicate all methods of Treatment in which gonadotrophins are used; however, OHSS seems to be rare after Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation–IUI (COH–IUI) compared with IVF due to the fact that lower dose stimulation Protocols are more often used.
IX. Low risk of thromboembolism
Deep venous thrombosis (blood clots) has been reported extensively following Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndrome during In–Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Treatment cycles. The thromboembolic event is dangerous because it is a prominent cause of maternal deaths. It is also unpredictable because there is no clinical marker to reveal it early. The site of the thromboses, the timing of thromboses relative to Oocyte Retrieval, and possible predisposing factors are hard to diagnose.
X. More effective than Intracervical Insemination (ICI)
If you are proposed ICI, you should know that IUI is more effective. Why? ICI involves placing the sperm into the cervix. Once placed in the cervix, the sperm then make their way to the uterus where they can fertilize the oocyte, mimicking the action of natural fertilization. IUI involves placing the sperm directly inside the uterus. Because this technique bypasses the cervix and does not rely on the sperm traveling to the uterus themselves, the chances of fertilization are increased.
2. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) with sperm donor, In Vitro Fertilization with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, In Vitro Fertilization with oocyte donor and sperm donor.
Will you need IVF Treatment?
Sometimes there are the situations when IUI cycle doesn’t work, but that does not mean that you won't be able to conceive using other methods. IVF cycle is a more advance and sophisticated Treatment option, It is designed to There are three blended versions of IVF cycle for you:
- In Vitro Fertilization with donor sperm,
- Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection with one Boutique–quality spermatozoon to design the ideal sparkling tiny embryo–dude or gorgeous embryo–lady,
- In Vitro Fertilization with donor oocyte and donor sperm – for extreme cases you may chose both donors and cordially hug your tiny one or sparkling tiny ones even knowing that it is not your absolute tiny versions but their appearance will be nearly yours!
Wondering about In Vitro Fertilization Treatment Option? Worrying about the advantages and disadvantages it has? Not sure that this option is designed for you? Let’s start with the utmost amusing facts about IVF Treatment! And if you are wondering about the utmost detailed information concerning step by step IVF–designed strategy, glance through our Blog Posts!
What are your thoughts about IVF? Any ideas? You may consider that it is something magical. It is something mysterious. It is something Impossible to understand completely. It is something that does the wonders. And it really does the wonders! IVF Treatment cycle literally involves you in the other reality. And this new reality is designed for your tiny embryo creation! There are so many Amusing Facts about IVF Treatment that you may find your mind lost. Therefore, we have chosen top 10 facts which will surprise you or remind you something essential.
What is an ‘EMBRYO’?
The assembly of a new life first depends on the union between a spermatozoon and an oocyte culminating in fertilization. If the fertilization occurs, the embryo appears. Fertilization is a mysterious phenomenon that turns two cells into a tiny embryo–dude or a tiny embryo–lady, or if two oocytes are fertilized than…two tiny embryo–dudes! Or two tiny embryo–ladies! Or if three oocytes are fertilized than three tiny embryo–babies: two tiny Handsome Embryo–Dudes and one tiny sparkling embryo–lady! The miracles start here… The tiny sparkles are here… Many versions can be inserted here…
How does the tiny sparkling embryo appear in a natural way?
Wondering how does Fertilization happen? Usually, a spermatozoon and an oocyte ‘meet’ in one of the two Fallopian tubes that connect the ovaries to the womb (uterus). Wondering how does the embryo–baby normally ‘appears’ and implants in the uterus? The tiny embryo–dude or the tiny embryo–lady (fertilized oocyte) then moves down the Fallopian tube by being wafted by fine hairs inside the tubes until it reaches the womb (uterus) two, three or four days later. Once there, this tiny embryo–bundle wonders where it should cuddle up itself in this new place. And it implants, attaching itself to the womb lining and that is where it usually continues to grow and develop.
The ability of the Fallopian tube to transfer the early embryo into the uterus is an excessive modality for a successful pregnancy. Apparently, structural abnormalities and functional abnormalities of the Fallopian tube will interfere with the Embryo Transfer process that can lead to tubal pregnancy.
How does the embryo appear in case if it is IVF Treatment cycle?
In Vitro Fertilization Treatment Cycle is designed to create the Tiny Sparkling Embryos in the laboratory and after that to transfer them to the mother’s uterus. In other words, fertilization [or EMBRYO ‘CREATION’] happens in the laboratory.
The Tiny Perfect Embryos Are Made Exclusively [‘DESIGNED’] For You
Fertilization (making the embryos from your oocytes and donor’s sperm) is possible even in difficult cases. Not always the standard Insemination can be used for the Oocyte Fertilization.
Embryologists will ‘design’ your tiny sparkling embryo–ladies and handsome embryo–dudes in the laboratory. They will take the retrieved oocytes and toss them in a Petri dish with your donor’s sperm and let them do their thing [yay!]... Another option is called Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), where the Embryologists manually fertilize the oocytes with the sperm individually. The ICSI procedure is done with the aid of a microscope and fine instruments, one single “boutique” spermatozoon is taken and injected directly into every mature oocyte!
Indications for ICSI include such cases as the previous Semen Analysis demonstrating significant abnormalities, in situations where surgical aspiration of sperm from the vas deferens or testicle, or a previous IVF cycle with poor fertilization. You will know the next morning how many of your oocytes have been fertilized correctly. After that, you will be waiting three long days or…more. And then you have to wait. Three long days. Or...more.
On day 3, you get a day 3 growth report, and it’s the scariest and the most exciting phone call of your life. The phone call from your embryologist. The embryologist will tell you how many embryos fair, good, and excellent quality are. Can you imagine that? Those ones glittering gorgeous tiny embryo–ladies and handsome embryo–dudes were designed especially for you. All of them are perfect. And all of them are anticipating the time when they will be with you.
Mock Embryo Transfer increases the chances that your tiny embryo will be accurately placed inside
Embryo Transfer is a blind procedure and some difficulties can unexpectedly arise. Therefore, many IVF programs perform a ‘mock’ Embryo Transfer. It is done prior to the Treatment cycle to determine the most suitable catheter and technique for actual Embryo Transfer.
In the middle of your cycle, your doctor will do a mock Embryo Transfer. It is a trial of the actual Embryo Transfer. The actual Embryo Transfer requires taking the embryos into a catheter and then transferring them to the uterus via the cervix. This procedure is more complicated than it appears. It’s not enough to just drop those tiny embryos anywhere inside the uterus. There is an ideal area in your uterus where they should be accurately placed.
Mock Embryo Transfer is the Pre–Embryo–Transfer procedure, and the actual Embryo Transfer occurs this way…The miracle for your tiny embryo (or More than One) Starts from being taken out from the Petri dish and placed in the private, Premium–Level “Shuttle” (Catheter)! Three, two, one… GO!
The embryo will appear inside your uterus via the catheter. Your embryo is taken out of the Petri–dish and waits for a ‘BIG TRANSFER’. If it is the time to replace this small embryo from the tube inside your uterus, it is placed inside a flexible catheter. The procedure of Embryo Transfer takes only several minutes. It takes all of three minutes to insert a weird kind of catheter, get it to where it needs to be, accurately place your little embryo inside your uterus, and that is all. Yes, and it has to ‘LEARN’ so many things inside. It wonders: ‘Where am I?’ ‘What has happened?’ ‘Everything is pulsating around me…’ ‘Should I curl up here or there?’ ‘Oh, it is better on the left side?’ ‘I am scared. I will just cuddle up to that warm place and sleep there.’
If you have at least one perfect embryo, don’t burst Into tears! This tiny embryo loves you and is waiting for you!
Most of the embryos may stop their development... Yes, this may happen! And you will feel anger, anxiety, confusion, or even despair. You might get caught up with a bundle of nerves. You may burst into tears. But you shouldn’t feel this way. If you have at least one perfect embryo, don’t get depressed, this one tiny sparkling embryo is your possibility of becoming a parent.
Even if 6 of your oocytes were fertilized correctly, you know the odds of all 6 of them making it to day 5, may slim to none. If you are lucky, you will have one, and if you are super lucky, you will end up with 2 or 3 of them. Two or three perfect embryos would have meant the chance that maybe; just maybe, one of them would grow to full term. The responsible embryologist closely monitors the development of the embryos. If the embryos continue their development, then the Embryo Transfer may be prescheduled. But there is still one but… If you will be too nervous, the Embryo Transfer may be cancelled. Give this tiny one embryo the chance. Do not play the scenario ‘It took so long’.
Chromosome abnormalities are excluded!
The great challenge for reproductive endocrinologists is to correctly identify the most viable embryos and prioritize them for further transfer to the uterus. Especially it should be done in cases when it is vital to exclude the embryos with chromosome abnormalities. And there is a great option for this.
Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS) is currently applied to evaluate the presence of aneuploidies in embryos of couples at risk of occurrence the chromosome abnormalities, for example, advanced maternal age, recurrent miscarriage, recurrent IVF failure or severe male factor.
If your doctor insists on this procedure, do not say ‘NO’. First glance through two next lines. Embryos are prone to chromosomal abnormalities. The consequences of chromosomal abnormalities could cause miscarriage (early pregnancy loss) or severe chromosomal diseases. Have they changed your mind about Preimplantation Genetic Screening?
You will decide how many embryos should be transferred and what should be done with those that are left
Surely this decision will be based on your doctor’s recommendations. Before the time of the actual Embryo Transfer, your doctor will review the fertilization results and the development of the embryos. A decision will be made regarding the number of embryos that will be transferred. You will have to sign the papers before the embryo transfer. The questions in these papers vary from clinic to clinic, but there are three most important which remain the same. How many embryos should be transferred? What should be done with those embryos that left? Will you undergo the Embryo Reduction procedure in case of multiple pregnancy? Or will you try to save all those tiny ones?
You can ask to transfer two, three or even more embryos. But you should understand the risks which will follow your decision. Increasing the number of embryos transferred will increase the chances of pregnancy. But it will also increase the risk of a multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.). Remaining embryos that are not transferred will be accurately examined. If they are of suitable quality, they may be frozen, stored and transferred in the future. Alternatively, these ‘extra’ embryos can be discarded.
Sexual differentiation occurs before fertilization!
Thrilled by this news? Yes, the gender is predetermined. Inspired and nervous? Yes, it can be even chosen. During the embryo development, sexual differentiation occurs before fertilization. It is determined by the genetic material contributed by the sperm of the baby’s father.
The father’s genes are responsible for the baby’s gender. Sperm cells [spermatozoa] carry either X or Y sex chromosomes. Every spermatozoon [every father’s sperm cell] carries either X or Y sex chromosome. Given that mother’s cells [oocytes] always have an X sex chromosome, two chromosome variations are possible:
If the father’s spermatozoon carries an X–chromosome the embryo–baby will be ‘XX’ –– an embryo–lady [a girl].
If the father’s spermatozoon carries a Y–chromosome the embryo–baby will be ‘XY’ –– an embryo–dude [a boy].
Gender Selection is possible! You may choose ‘an embryo–girl’, ‘an embryo–boy’, two embryos (‘an embryo–girl and an embryo–boy’, or two ‘embryo–girls’, two ‘embryo–boys’): Your Dreams Come True!
Wondering is it possible to have the embryo–baby with the desired gender? YES, it is possible! If you would love to choose the gender of your future baby or babies, you have this option. These embryo–babies will be exclusively ‘designed’ for you! If you do want to have ‘an embryo–girl’, ‘an embryo–boy’, two embryos (‘an embryo–girl and an embryo–boy’, or two ‘embryo–girls’, two ‘embryo–boys’, or three ‘embryo–girls’, or two ‘embryo–girls’ and one ‘embryo–boy’, it is possible!
Amused by these facts? What may be done by the reproductive specialists to ‘DESIGN’ the embryo–baby’s gender? They must know which chromosomes prevail in the sperm. If the sperm sample will contain mostly ‘X’ chromosome spermatozoa, a tiny gorgeous embryo–lady will be waiting for you. If the sperm sample will contain mostly ‘Y’ chromosome spermatozoa, a tiny handsome embryo–dude will be warmly welcomed. And if you want more tiny embryos with the desired gender…They will be cute and beautiful, just make a wish–list ‘WHO’ they should be. Caught the hidden idea?
And if the ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) technique is chosen for fertilization, that means that the one single spermatozoon will be injected inside the oocyte. So…They just need the utter accuracy to choose that one spermatozoon and to inject it inside the oocyte. And the divine ‘embryo–[insert your version]’ anticipates the ‘romantic date’ with you!
Or… the other intimidating option – to produce the embryos and to ‘glance inside’ their genetic code to find the one which suits your desires. The technique which is used is called PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis). They screen the entire genomes of the embryos for the desired characteristics.
Multiples are so common (Getting pregnant with twins, triplets, or even more tiny bundles is so common)! dreaming about having twins? Wondering about tiny sparkling triplets? It is possible!
Twins, triplets, or yay…That also may happen, quadruplets, quintuplets, sextuplets, septuplets, octuplets… Fetuses of all shapes and sizes are everywhere! At present, multifetal pregnancies are closely associated with Infertility Treatment. And (IVF) is responsible for multifetal pregnancies and adverse neonatal outcomes. IVF Treatment cycle is designed to stimulate excess follicles and transfer excess embryos to achieve pregnancy. So?
If two or more perfect tiny embryos were transferred into your uterus, you may expect the multiple. But sometimes spontaneous twinning/tripling occurs from fertilization of two separate oocytes [dizygotic twinning] or from a single fertilized oocyte that subsequently divides into two identical structures [monozygotic twinning]. So… it may happen! If there are no limitations according to your doctor’s recommendations and you are dreaming about Two tiny sparkling bundles, surely, you will hold them in your hands soon! A little bit patience here!
Extra–embryos or extra–fetuses may vanish… This is one of the greatest embryo–mysteries!
Worrying about having triplet after IVF? Multiple embryo implantation can’t guarantee that absolutely all embryos would develop normally into fetuses. On the contrary, discovering more than one gestational sac before the eighth week should not be considered as definitive because vanishing embryo phenomenon may occur.
Interested and nervous? You shouldn’t feel this way because spontaneous vanishing mainly occurs between 8 and 9 weeks of gestation. Vanishing embryo is a phenomenon, which occurs before the ninth gestational week. The intricacy of this phenomenon can be shown through the percentage: between 10% and 20% of viable twin fetuses disappear. And not only twins are in danger. Embryo vanishing phenomenon was defined as the spontaneous loss of one or more embryos after identifying their heart activity via external ultrasound.
Where do the embryos vanish? The scientists don’t know yet. They just have some tips what to do. Accurate early ultrasound monitoring is highly recommended to precisely identify the occurrence of a vanished embryo and the time when the vanishing occurred. We do hope that in the nearest future they will reveal this Vanishing mystery.
3. Traditional or Gestational Surrogacy
Sometimes you want just to cuddle your tiny one without being pregnant… Or you know that pregnancy is extremely hard for you and it is better not to try it… Or you are not sure that the proposed options are designed for you. No worries here! The Surrogate Mommy will make your dream possible! These divine mommies are devoted to creating the tiny ones for the others! You may choose Traditional Surrogacy (the Surrogate Mother’s oocytes will be fertilized with donor sperm) or Gestational Surrogacy (your oocytes will be fertilized with donor sperm). After that, nine months plus three weeks waiting… And your First Date with Your Miniature Version turns into a real thing! The tiny one or the tiny ones of you both are at your fingertips! So tiny, so gorgeous, so sweet! The miracles start here… Here everything is possible!
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