Advanced diagnostic techniques can be used to identify the cause of an individuals infertility and indicate the best way to treat it. Even when no specific problem is identified, todays advanced reproductive techniques may help the childless couple start a family. This is certainly welcome news for couples who are unable to achieve pregnancy. In order to understand why pregnancy does not occur, we need to examine the four critical areas which are needed to make a baby – eggs, sperm, fallopian tubes and the uterus. The tests, which often seem endless, will actually fall into one of these areas.